Nijo Castle

Nijo Castle (Nijo-jo), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as a testament to Japan’s feudal history and architectural brilliance. Built in 1603 as the Kyoto residence of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate, this iconic fortress is renowned for its stunning Ninomaru Palace, intricate nightingale floors, and expansive gardens. A visit to Nijo Castle offers a journey through Japan’s samurai past, blending cultural heritage with natural beauty. This guide provides essential information on visiting the castle, including practical details, historical insights, and top activities.  

 

I. Visiting Information  

Location: 541 Nijojo-cho, Horikawa-nishi-iru, Nijo-dori, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto.  

 

Opening Hours:  

• March to November: 8:45 AM – 5:00 PM (Last entry at 4:00 PM)
• December to February: 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM (Last entry at 3:30 PM)
• Closed: The castle is closed on Mondays from December to February (except during national holidays).

Note: The castle grounds remain open on public holidays, but it’s always best to check the official website for any changes in hours during special events. 

 

Admission Fees: Adults: ¥800, High School Students: ¥400, Junior High and Elementary Students: ¥300, Children under 7: Free  

 

Reasons to Visit:  

• Significant historical and cultural heritage
• Beautiful gardens and seasonal landscapes
• Architectural marvel of the Edo period
• Insight into the life of the Tokugawa shogunate

Recommended Visit Duration: Allow 2–3 hours to fully explore the castle grounds and interiors.  

Official Website:  
For updates and additional information: [Nijo Castle Official Website]

 

 

II. History of Nijo Castle  

Nijo Castle was constructed in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate, to serve as his Kyoto residence and a symbol of his power. The castle’s design reflects the shogun’s authority, with its imposing stone walls, wide moats, and elaborate palace interiors.  

 

The Ninomaru Palace, completed in 1626, is the castle’s centerpiece. Its lavish rooms, adorned with gold leaf and intricate paintings, were used for receiving guests and conducting official business. The palace’s “nightingale floors” (uguisu-bari) are a unique feature, designed to squeak when walked upon, serving as a security measure against potential assassins.  

 

In 1867, Nijo Castle became the site of a pivotal moment in Japanese history when Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last shogun, officially returned power to the emperor, marking the end of the shogunate and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration. Today, the castle stands as a well-preserved relic of Japan’s feudal era, offering visitors a glimpse into the lives of the shoguns and their court.  

 

 

III. Top Things to Do in Nijo Castle  

1. Explore Ninomaru Palace  

The Ninomaru Palace is the main attraction within Nijo Castle, renowned for its beautiful interior rooms, intricate wood carvings, and ornate sliding doors. The most famous feature of the palace is the “nightingale floors,” which were designed to chirp when walked upon. This ingenious design was meant to alert the shogun of any potential intruders. Visitors can walk through the rooms of the palace, marveling at the artwork and learning about the history of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Visiting Tips:

• Photography is not allowed inside Ninomaru Palace.
• Wear comfortable shoes, as you will need to remove them before entering the palace.

 

2. Stroll Through the Ninomaru Garden

The Ninomaru Garden, designed by the famous landscape architect Kobori Enshu, is a stunning example of Japanese garden design. The garden features a large pond with three islands, meticulously arranged rocks, and carefully pruned pine trees. Visitors can enjoy the seasonal beauty of the garden, with cherry blossoms in spring, vibrant greenery in summer, colorful foliage in autumn, and serene landscapes in winter.

 

 

3. Visit the Honmaru Palace and Gardens

Honmaru Palace, although less ornate than Ninomaru Palace, offers a glimpse into the inner defense structures and living quarters of the castle. The Honmaru Garden, surrounding the palace, is a tranquil space with manicured lawns, stone lanterns, and ancient trees. The garden is particularly beautiful during the cherry blossom season, offering picturesque views of the castle and its surroundings.

 

4. Walk Along the Castle Walls and Moats

Nijo Castle is surrounded by impressive stone walls and wide moats, which served as defense mechanisms during the Edo period. Visitors can take a leisurely walk along the walls and moats, enjoying panoramic views of the castle grounds and the city of Kyoto. The path offers excellent photo opportunities, especially during the cherry blossom season.

 

5. Admire the Castle’s Architecture

Nijo Castle is a prime example of Japanese feudal architecture, blending both defensive and decorative elements. The castle features impressive stone walls, large gates, and wooden buildings designed to impress as well as defend. The contrast between the military aspects of the castle and the elegant designs of the interiors provides visitors with a unique glimpse into Japan’s architectural history.

 

 

6. Learn About the Tokugawa Shogunate

Throughout the castle, there are numerous displays and exhibits detailing the history of the Tokugawa family and their role in shaping Japanese society. Visitors can explore historical documents, weapons, and samurai armor, which offer insight into the period’s political and military culture. Guides are also available to provide deeper understanding of the castle’s significance and history.

 

7. Attend Seasonal Events and Illuminations

Nijo Castle hosts various seasonal events and illuminations throughout the year, attracting visitors with its enchanting atmosphere. Some notable events include:

Cherry Blossom Festival (Sakura Matsuri): Held in spring, the festival features illuminated cherry blossoms, traditional performances, and cultural exhibitions.

Autumn Leaves Illumination (Momiji Matsuri): In autumn, the castle grounds are lit up with vibrant colors of the changing leaves, creating a magical ambiance.

Special Exhibitions and Tours: Nijo Castle occasionally hosts special exhibitions and guided tours, offering deeper insights into its history and significance.

 

IV. How to Get There  

By Subway:
Take the Karasuma Line to Karasuma-Oike Station. From there, transfer to the Tozai Line and get off at Nijojo-mae Station. The castle is just a short walk from the station.

 

By Bus:
Take Kyoto City Bus 9, 50, or 101 from Kyoto Station. Alight at Nijojo-mae Station, which is located just outside the castle.

 

By Bicycle:
Kyoto is known for being a bicycle-friendly city, and Nijo Castle is easily accessible by bike. There are bike racks available at the castle's entrances.

 

By Car:
If you're driving, there is parking available at the Nijo Castle parking lot. It’s a paid lot, and space may be limited, especially during peak tourist seasons.

 

V. Additional Tips

Best Time to Visit:
Nijo Castle is beautiful year-round, but the best times to visit are in spring for cherry blossoms and in autumn for the stunning foliage. These seasons bring a unique charm to the gardens and the surrounding grounds.

 

Events and Special Exhibits:
The castle frequently hosts special events, including cultural exhibitions and historical reenactments. It’s worth checking the official website to see if any events coincide with your visit.

 

Nearby Attractions:
While in the area, consider visiting other nearby attractions such as the Kyoto Imperial Palace and the Golden Pavilion (Kinkaku-ji), both of which are easily accessible by public transportation from Nijo Castle.